Langchain openai azure. _ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv()) # read local .

Langchain openai azure. from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI.

Langchain openai azure. llms import OpenAI. If you are using a model hosted on Azure, you should use different wrapper for that: from langchain_openai import AzureOpenAI. This can be done by using the azure_ad_token field in the AzureChatOpenAI class. For example by default text-embedding-3-large returned embeddings of dimension 3072: OpenAI trained the GPT-35-Turbo and GPT-4 models to accept input formatted as a conversation. This field is automatically inferred from the environment variable AZURE_OPENAI_AD_TOKEN if not provided. from langchain_community. 業務で Azure OpenAI Service を使う機会があり、LangChain を使っていろいろとやってみたので複数回で記事にまとめます。. [ Deprecated] Azure OpenAI Chat Completion API. Console. """. chat_models import AzureChatOpenAI #setting Azure OpenAI env variables. 以下のコマンドで必要なライブラリをインストールします。azure-search-documentsは11. ※2023/04/19時点ではバグで全部0となってしまうようだ。. , langchain-openai, langchain-anthropic, langchain-mistral etc). To run the Azure version, you need to have an Azure account and a subscription enabled for Azure OpenAI usage. If you would rather manually specify your API key and/or organization ID, use the following code: Mar 27, 2023 · In this blog post, we discussed how to use LangChain and Azure OpenAI Service together to build complex LLM-based applications with just a few lines of code. 5-turbo-instruct model for this tutorial. May 11, 2023 · 5. com Redirecting Sep 28, 2023 · Initialize LangChain chat_model instance which provides an interface to invoke a LLM provider using chat API. From your sourcecode I see that endpoint is set directly in the completeionWithRetry method. In addition, you should have the following Jan 31, 2024 · @Satya Ramadas Metla I am able to run it without any issues. Each API requires input data to be formatted differently, which in turn impacts overall prompt design. Azure OpenAI Service offers industry-leading coding and language AI models that you can fine-tune to your specific needs for a variety of use cases. The format of a basic chat completion is: Copy. vectorstores import OpenSearchVectorSearch from langchain. An embeddings model that converts queries into vectors to allow them to be compared to past queries. Aug 25, 2023 · db = SQLDatabase. 190 Redirecting Jan 8, 2024 · In this sample, I demonstrate how to quickly build chat applications using Python and leveraging powerful technologies such as OpenAI ChatGPT models, Embedding models, LangChain framework, ChromaDB vector database, and Chainlit, an open-source Python package that is specifically designed to create user interfaces (UIs) for AI applications. csv. OpenAI. create( engine="text-davinci Dec 23, 2023 · LangChain; Azure OpenAI; Azure AI Search ライブラリのインストール. 5-Turbo, DALLE-3 and Embeddings model series with the security and enterprise capabilities of Azure. from langchain_core. To use this class you must have a deployed model on Azure OpenAI. 假设你的部署名称是 text-davinci-002-prod 。. _api. Ask YouTube: LangChain. Mar 25, 2023 · Integrating Azure OpenAI into LangChain LangChain is a powerful Python library that provides a standard interface through which you can interact with a variety of LLMs and integrate them with your LangChain with Azure OpenAI and ChatGPT (Python v2 Function) This sample shows how to take a human prompt as HTTP Get or Post input, calculates the completions using chains of human input and templates. We start with a table of arxiv links and apply the LangChain Transformerto automatically extract the corresponding paper title, authors, summary, and some related works. AzureChatOpenAI [source] ¶. pydantic_v1 import Field, root_validator from langchain_core. Chat model. Create environment variables for your resources endpoint and Apr 11, 2024 · from langchain_openai import OpenAI. LangGraph : A library for building robust and stateful multi-actor applications with LLMs by modeling steps as edges and nodes in a graph. OPENAI_ORGANIZATION to your OpenAI organization id, or pass it in as organization when initializing the model. This is not the best practice at all and we should use Azure Key Vaults for any kind of secrets. Use the Chat Completions API to use GPT-4. You also need an endpoint and a key to connect to Azure Cache for Redis. You can learn more about Azure OpenAI and its difference with the It also supports large language models from OpenAI, Anthropic, HuggingFace, etc. Alternatively, you can find the value in the Azure OpenAI Studio > Playground > Code View. langchain. Step 1: Prerequisites The key prerequisites for this quickstart include a working Azure OpenAI resource, and an Apache Spark cluster with SynapseML installed. env file. I'm using AzureOpenAI to test LangChain's Self Critique using Constitution. May 4, 2023 · In this post we briefly discuss how LangChain and gpt-35-turbo (the model behind ChatGPT) can be used with Azure OpenAI Service. 📚 Data Augmented Generation: Data Augmented Generation involves specific types of chains that first interact with an external datasource to fetch data to use in the generation step. Set up language models. agents. python. For a more detailed walkthrough of the Azure wrapper, see here. It contains algorithms that search in sets of vectors of any size, up to ones that possibly do not fit in RAM. Azure OpenAI Service provides access to OpenAI's models including the GPT-4, GPT-4 Turbo with Vision, GPT-3. llms import AzureOpenAI from langchain. Apr 19, 2023 · 基本的なチャット形式の対話を実現するサンプル。. api_type = "azure" openai. The management APIs are also used for deploying models within an Azure OpenAI resource. All ChatModels implement the Runnable interface, which comes with default implementations of all methods, ie. 1. Feb 22, 2024 · This tutorial will walk you through using the Azure OpenAI embeddings API to perform document search where you'll query a knowledge base to find the most relevant document. globals import set_llm_cache. openai import OpenAIEmbeddings from langchain. May 23, 2023 · The integration of Azure OpenAI and SQL through LangChain introduces a new era of data interaction, where the power of natural language processing meets the vast potential of databases. ChatGPT is the Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by OpenAI. Jul 27, 2023 · Azure OpenAI Service gives customers advanced language AI with OpenAI GPT-4, GPT-3, Codex, and DALL-E models with Azure's security and enterprise promise. 0. 0, Azure endpoints should be specified via the azure_endpoint param not openai_api_base (or alias base_url). class langchain_community. messages import HumanMessage. First, create a . api_base = May 15, 2023 · In my company we use gateway url to access Azure open AI service to do chat completions. out of the box along with various data sources and types. LiteLLM is a library that simplifies calling Anthropic, Azure, Huggingface, Replicate, etc. 0b8を指定しないとエラーが起きる場合があるため、注意してください。 Oct 19, 2023 · Issue you'd like to raise. Extraction Using OpenAI Functions: Extract information from text using OpenAI Function Calling. Copy your endpoint and access key as you'll need both for authenticating Dec 1, 2022 · Firstly, awesome job here - this is great !! :) However with the ability to now use OpenAI models on Microsoft Azure, I need to be able to set more than just the openai. import openai. chat_models import AzureChatOpenAI. env. 5-turbo-0125", temperature=0) The above cell assumes that your OpenAI API key is set in your environment variables. azure-search-documents==11. This notebook covers how to get started with using Langchain + the LiteLLM I/O library. com . add_routes(app. from_uri(db_url) A Large Language Model. This service provides access to OpenAI models such as GPT-3, ChatGPT, and Dall-e. Azure OpenAI Service provides REST API access to OpenAI’s powerful language models including the GPT-4, GPT-3. llms import AzureOpenAI. Custom URLs You can customize the base URL the SDK sends requests to by passing a configuration parameter like this: LangChain provides a standard interface for chains, lots of integrations with other tools, and end-to-end chains for common applications. You are able to select it in both the Chat and Completion tab in the Azure Open AI workspace. env file or export them. I am trying to use Langchain for structured data using these steps from the official document. base import create_csv_agent from langchain_openai import AzureOpenAI from dotenv import load_dotenv import os import streamlit as st def main(): load_dotenv() endpoint = os. 5-turbo") Jul 4, 2023 · 3. Make sure you have two models deployed to your Azure OpenAI resource: An LLM that provides text responses. langchain app new my-app. Apr 18, 2023 · Discussed in #3132 Originally posted by srithedesigner April 19, 2023 We used to use AzureOpenAI llm from langchain. from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI. If you are using a model hosted on Azure Azure OpenAI is a cloud service to help you quickly develop generative AI experiences with a diverse set of prebuilt and curated models from OpenAI, Meta and beyond. 4. Azure-specific OpenAI large language models. """Azure OpenAI embeddings wrapper. chat = ChatLiteLLM(model="gpt-3. LangChain does not serve its own ChatModels, but rather provides a standard interface for interacting with many different models. 今回は、単純に LLM から回答させる実装を行います。. OpenAI Python 1. Example. chat_models import ChatOpenAI. All Azure AI services rely on the same set of management APIs for creation, update, and delete operations. There are lots of model providers (OpenAI, Cohere Apr 17, 2024 · An Azure service that provides access to OpenAI’s GPT-3 models with enterprise capabilities. NotImplemented) 3. api_key. djc391 May 11, 2023, 2:30am 2. Like GPT-3. When using gpt-35-turbo from Python for completion I did have to create a It supports Python and Javascript languages and supports various LLM providers, including OpenAI, Google, and IBM. from langchain. 调用API时，你需要指定要使用的部署。. A map between GPT token IDs and bias scores that influences the probability of specific tokens appearing in a completions response. openai==0. 使用Azure OpenAI，你可以设置自己的GPT-3和Codex模型的部署。. To use, you should have the ``openai`` python package installed, and the environment variable ``OPENAI_API_KEY`` set with your API key. 28. The reason to select chat model is the gpt-35-turbo model is optimized for chat, hence we use AzureChatOpenAI class here to initialize the instance. Copy. Faiss. Users can explore the types of models to deploy in the Model Catalog, which provides foundational and general purpose models from different providers. get_openai_callbackを使えば使ったトークンやコストを取得することができる。. environ["OPENAI_API_VERSION"] = "2023-07-01 LLM Caching integrations. 2. すでに多くの方が情報発信していますが、その1つとして参考にして The model name to provide as part of this embeddings request. llm = OpenAI(model_name="gpt-3. It's not a langchain problem but an Azure limitation. Apr 13, 2024 · Source code for langchain_openai. . 1. Define the runnable in add_routes. langchain : Chains, agents, and retrieval strategies that make up an application's cognitive architecture. The OpenAI API is powered by a diverse set of models with different capabilities and price points. """ from __future__ import annotations import os import warnings from typing import Callable, Dict, Optional, Union from langchain_core. Feb 16, 2024 · For Azure OpenAI GPT models, there are currently two distinct APIs where prompt engineering comes into play: Chat Completion API. Use deployment_name in the constructor to refer to the “Model deployment name” in the Azure portal. Examples include langchain_openai and langchain_anthropic. If you are using those, you may need to set different environment variables. Bases: ChatOpenAI. You can learn more about Azure OpenAI and its difference with the AzureChatOpenAI. Jun 6, 2023 · By using LangChain, FAISS, Streamlit, and Azure OpenAI, we have built an AI-powered knowledge base app that can answer questions about information contained in a website, overcoming the Azure OpenAI is deployed as a part of the Azure AI services. Azure OpenAI is a cloud service to help you quickly develop generative AI experiences with a diverse set of prebuilt and curated models from OpenAI, Meta and beyond. What is Open AI GPT? OpenAI GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is a type of LLM (Large Language Models) developed by OpenAI. This is a starting point that can be used for more sophisticated chains. In those cases, in order to avoid erroring when tiktoken is called, you can specify a model name to use here. See a usage example. 5 Turbo, GPT-4 is optimized for chat and works well for traditional completions tasks. '}]LangChain is a tool for building applications using large language models (LLMs) like chatbots and virtual agents. Apr 17, 2024 · GPT-4 is a large multimodal model (accepting text or image inputs and generating text) that can solve difficult problems with greater accuracy than any of OpenAI's previous models. 27. Token IDs are computed via external tokenizer tools, while bias scores reside in the range of -100 to 100 with minimum and maximum values corresponding to a full ban or exclusive selection of a token, respectively. Whenever I change one version, the others seem to throw errors, and imports fail. Use `deployment_name` in the constructor to refer to the "Model deployment name" in the Azure portal. Ok, let’s start writing some code. PowerShell. callbacks import If you're part of an organization, you can set process. Facebook AI Similarity Search (Faiss) is a library for efficient similarity search and clustering of dense vectors. [ ] import os. I need to set: openai. llms import AzureOpenAI os. Sep 13, 2023 · The Azure OpenAI API is compatible with OpenAI's API and you can call Azure OpenAI the same way you call OpenAI with some exceptions. These models pair with the popular open-source LangChain framework that's used to develop applications that are powered by language models. 5 model. Faiss documentation. llms. 5-turbo model available in the Azure OpenAI service (to setup an Azure OpenAI instance, Answer: Let's think step by step. Get the Azure mobile app. net. Mar 20, 2024 · How to get embeddings. js supports integration with Azure OpenAI using either the dedicated Azure OpenAI SDK or the OpenAI SDK. Not applicable to Azure OpenAI, where deployment information should be included in the Azure resource URI that's connected to. getenv Aug 7, 2023 · We then dived into a basic demo using the open source LangChain SQL agent & Azure OpenAI, successfully extracting insight from a SQL database by asking a simple question. Same behavior with the OpenAI library. from langchain_openai import OpenAI. Any parameters that are valid to be passed to the openai. OpenAI systems run on an Azure -based supercomputing platform from Microsoft. The reason I want to upgrade for compatibility with other packages such Learn how to create a LangChain agent, a powerful tool for natural language processing, using Azure OpenAI and Python with the ReAct approach. create call can be Sep 6, 2023 · Variable name Value; ENDPOINT: This value can be found in the Keys & Endpoint section when examining your resource from the Azure portal. チャット履歴を渡すこともできる。. 310. azure_openai. import openai response = openai. agents import initialize_agent. The Terraform modules create the following models: Sep 27, 2023 · To successfully make a call against Azure OpenAI, you need an endpoint and a key. LangChain. 5-Turbo, and Embeddings model series. It simplifies the process of programming and integration with external data sources and software workflows. import os from langchain. Topics python csv python3 openai data-analysis azure-openai langchain azure-openai-api langchain-python azure-openai-service 2 days ago · To use, you should have the environment variable AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY set with your API key or pass it as a named parameter to the constructor. deprecation import deprecated from langchain_core. First, let’s initialize our Azure OpenAI Service connection, create the LangChain objects, and Chat Models. 8+ Azure Functions An AI/machine learning pipeline helps you quickly and efficiently gather, analyze, and summarize relevant information. param validate_base_url: bool = True ¶. from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv. Run on your local environment Pre-reqs. To use, you should have the openai python package installed, and the environment variable OPENAI_API_KEY set with your API key. api_base = "https://xxxxxx ChatLiteLLM. Apr 10, 2024 · Azure OpenAI Service: the official documentation for the Azure OpenAI Service, which provides access to the latest AI models from OpenAI. Mar 10, 2023 · Using Azure OpenAI to embed 1000 chunks takes 170 seconds while OpenAI with chunk size 1000 takes 12 seconds. This article will guide you through the steps of setting up the environment, designing the prompt template, and testing the agent's reasoning and acting skills. from langchain_openai import AzureOpenAIEmbeddings openai = AzureOpenAIEmbeddings(model="text-embedding-3-large") Create a new model by parsing and validating input data from keyword arguments. text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter from langchain. May 14, 2023 · from langchain. Before executing the following cells, make sure to set the AZURE_OPENAI_KEY and AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT variables in the . I am currently using. Oct 31, 2023 · Azure OpenAI を利用するように書き換えた後の Python スクリプト. 例如：. agent_toolkits. py and edit. api_type = "azure". The Chat Completion API supports the GPT-35-Turbo and GPT-4 models. agents import Tool, AgentExecutor, In our case, we will use a gpt-3. The messages parameter takes an array of message objects with a conversation organized by role. 在 openai Python API中，您可以使用 engine 参数指定此部署。. Specify dimensions . If you don't have an Azure account, you can create a free account to get started. Extraction Using Anthropic Functions: Extract information from text using a LangChain wrapper around the Anthropic endpoints intended to simulate function calling. Azure ML is a platform used to build, train, and deploy machine learning models. openai. x. OpenAI conducts AI research with the declared intention of promoting and developing a friendly AI. env and add your Azure OpenAI Service details: Next, make sure that you have gpt-35-turbo deployed and used the same name as the model itself for the deployment. g. llms with the text-davinci-003 model but after deploying GPT4 in Azure when tryin Aug 22, 2023 · Langchain + OpenAI + Azure Search Summary Langchain framework makes building of LLM applications much easier, extends capabilities of LLM applications, and introduces structured approach, which facilitates supporting and managing applications. To do so, we will use Azure OpenAI GPT-4 (you can retrieve your secrets under the tab “Keys and Endpoints” of your Azure OpenAI instance). document_loaders import TextLoader openai. In this tutorial, you learn how to: Install Azure OpenAI. langchain==0. We use the GPT-3. When you use the Python API, a list of dictionaries is used. 8, langchain==0. To use you should have the openai package installed, with the OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable set. Here is how you can set it up: . I changed it a bit as I am using Azure OpenAI account referring this. Feb 1, 2024 · As of openai>=1. from_template(template) llm = OpenAI() If you manually want to specify your OpenAI API key and/or organization ID, you can use the following: llm = OpenAI(openai_api_key="YOUR_API_KEY", openai_organization="YOUR_ORGANIZATION_ID") Remove the openai_organization parameter should it not This repository contains various examples of how to use LangChain, a way to use natural language to interact with LLM, a large language model from Azure OpenAI Service. Jan 14, 2024 · pip install openai langchain redis tiktoken Create Azure OpenAI models. Download a sample dataset and prepare it for analysis. Is there any way to work with your Azure OpenAI class but having custom endpoint ? Environment Setup. [docs] class AzureChatOpenAI(ChatOpenAI): """`Azure OpenAI` Chat Completion API. js sample project that uses RAG to answer questions from YouTube videos. Locate Endpoint and Keys in the Resource Management section. Use poetry to add 3rd party packages (e. This can include when using Azure embeddings or when using one of the many model providers that expose an OpenAI-like API but with different models. embeddings. It also contains supporting code for evaluation and parameter tuning. May 11, 2023 · The chat and completion APIs, I thought are not compatible. gpt-35-turbo is the only model in Azure Open AI that supports both Chat and Completion. That's 14x slower. utils import get_from_dict_or_env from langchain Azure OpenAI on your data: Azure feature: Azure OpenAI Service offers out-of-the-box, end-to-end RAG implementation that uses a REST API or the web-based interface in the Azure AI Studio to create a solution that connects to your data to enable an enhanced chat experience with Azure OpenAI ChatGPT models and Azure AI Search. Go to your Azure OpenAI resource in the Azure portal. api_version = "2023-05-15 Source code for langchain_openai. chat_models. Jul 27, 2023 · For azure-search-documents, we need the preview version, as only this one includes vector search capabilities. Welcome to LangChain — 🦜🔗 LangChain 0. Sep 15, 2023 · やりたいこと. Dec 30, 2023 · Based on the information I found in the LangChain repository, it seems that LangChain Agents can indeed be integrated with an Azure ActiveDirectory (AD) token. getenv("AOAIEndpoint") api_key = os. Deploy the LangSmith Proxy The LangSmith Proxy is available as a Docker container. chat_models import ChatLiteLLM. Create a pay-as-you-go account. These templates extract data in a structured format based upon a user-specified schema. (type=value_error) (type=value_error) The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: Wrapper around OpenAI large language models. ChatModels are a core component of LangChain. You can configure the openai package to use Azure OpenAI using environment variables or directly within your Python environment. To be specific, this interface is one that takes as input a list of messages and returns a message. environ["OPENAI_API_TYPE"] = "azure" os. Azure OpenAI Service documentation. Can you please try with the below code if this works for you - from langchain_experimental. By default, this uses OpenAI, but there are also options for Azure OpenAI and Anthropic. 0b8. To use with Azure you should have the openai package installed, with the AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY, AZURE_OPENAI_API_INSTANCE_NAME, AZURE_OPENAI_API_DEPLOYMENT_NAME and AZURE_OPENAI_API_VERSION environment variable set. _ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv()) # read local . Source code for langchain_community. OpenAI Python 0. It all works, except I get more than one answer, and the weirdest part, it GENERATES random, unwanted questions, and answer them. import os. Mar 14, 2024 · Master Langchain and Azure OpenAI — Build a Real-Time App. Azure Cosmos DB. May 10, 2023 · Lots of data and information is stored in tabular data, whether it be csvs, excel sheets, or SQL tables. ainvoke, batch, abatch, stream, astream. Microsoft Azure AI Search (formerly known as Azure Cognitive Search or Azure Search) is a cloud search service that gives developers infrastructure, APIs, and tools for building a rich search experience over private, heterogeneous content in web, mobile, and enterprise applications. Create new app using langchain cli command. May 29, 2023 · Here we will set Azure OpenAI environment variables for our LangChain application. By embracing this technology, organizations can bridge the gap between humans and data, unlocking insights and enabling smarter decision-making processes. 5-turbo-instruct", n=2, best_of=2) Mar 15, 2023 · import os import openai from langchain. In order to use Azure OpenAI Service, we only needed a few lines of configuration for using text-davinci-003 and text-embedding-ada-002 , instead of relying on models hosted on openai. 245, and azure-search-documents==11. js + Azure Quickstart sample : another LangChain. Management APIs reference documentation. Python 3. Azure OpenAI co-develops the APIs with OpenAI, ensuring compatibility and a smooth transition from one to the other. Completion. Below is the snippet of my code -. Completion API. Chat with sales. I want to migrate to the latest stable versions of openai, langchain and Azure search-documents. Here is my Python code (I replaced sensitive info with [XXX-XXX] ): import os. Feb 23, 2024 · In this blog we will explore how LangChain and Azure OpenAI are revolutionizing data analytics. These models can be easily adapted to your specific task including but not limited to content generation, summarization, semantic search, and natural language to code translation. # To make the caching really obvious, lets use a slower model. [docs] class AzureOpenAI(BaseOpenAI): """Azure-specific OpenAI large language models. This notebook covers how to cache results of individual LLM calls using different caches. For Azure OpenAI, you can request access with this form. 2 days ago · This can include when using Azure embeddings or when using one of the many model providers that expose an OpenAI-like API but with different models. AzureOpenAI [source] ¶ Bases: BaseOpenAI. agents import load_tools. Dec 14, 2023 · 1. With the text-embedding-3 class of models, you can specify the size of the embeddings you want returned. This architecture includes several powerful Azure OpenAI Service models. To obtain an embedding vector for a piece of text, we make a request to the embeddings endpoint as shown in the following code snippets: console. 0b6. AzureOpenAI¶ class langchain_openai. azure. Instructions for installing Docker can be found here; An Azure OpenAI API Key; An Azure OpenAI endpoint; 1. agents import create_pandas_dataframe_agent. This notebook shows you how to leverage this integrated vector database to store documents in collections, create indicies and perform vector search queries using approximate nearest neighbor algorithms such as COS (cosine distance), L2 (Euclidean distance), and IP (inner product) to locate documents close to the query vectors Jun 9, 2023 · Azure OpenAI Service. 5 days ago · langchain_openai. prompt = PromptTemplate. Go to server. It looks like this: https://xxx-xxx-openai. This notebook goes over how to use an LLM hosted on an Azure ML Online Endpoint. azure-api. This gives all ChatModels basic support for async, streaming and batch, which by default is implemented as below: Async support defaults to calling the respective sync method in asyncio's default The instructions above use Postgres as a vector database, although you can easily switch this out to use any of the 50+ vector databases in LangChain. LangChain is available as an experimental MLflow flavor which allows LangChain customers to leverage the robust tools and experiment tracking capabilities of MLflow directly from the Azure Databricks Get started with pay-as-you-go pricing. We will use the Langchain library to query our Database using Azure OpenAI GPT3. Master Langchain and Azure OpenAI — Build a Real-Time App. Discover the transformative potential of Generative AI and Large Language Models in making data analytics accessible to everyone, irrespective of their coding expertise or data science background. llm = ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-3. Configure LangSmith Proxy to talk to your Azure OpenAI Endpoint Prerequisites Docker installed on your local machine. In this post, we’re using openai==0. This isn’t just about theory! In this blog series, I’ll guide you through Langchain and Azure OpenAI, with hands-on creation of a Mar 13, 2023 · Similar to AzureOpenAI is there any equivalent for ChatOpenAI to work with Azure OpenAI ? by passing the openai_api_key and openai_api_base in environ variable, the ChatOpenAI module somehow worked! The documentation is not sufficient for me to understand why this is the case unless you go through the source code. C#. yu iv cl lm zv je io cw em ak